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若何写好GRE作文?

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发表于 2023-1-7 13:44:56 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
来历:知乎
单词,词组都背了无数,但写作文的时辰就是想不起来,有什么技能可以进步GRE作文吗?有什么好的参考书保举吗?感谢~
原文地址:https://www.zhihu.com/question/23615861
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发表于 2023-1-7 13:45:32 | 显示全部楼层
很多同学GRE写作分数提不上去就是他们写作的逻辑不够松散!
写作想要进步一定要把握好逻辑,具体方式看下面的具体诠释:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GRE整体看更像一个逻辑考试,Verbal不是光背单词就够的,写作也不是说话好便可以高枕无忧的。
究竟上,很多说话不错的同学,写作分数也不外4分(他们是可以拿到4.5大概更高的分数的)。那题目出在哪呢?就是他们写作的逻辑不够松散。
相较与有牢固进犯套路的Argument来说,Issue更让人头疼。

若何写好GRE作文?-1.jpg

同学们需要按照题目中简单的1-2句话,展开一个长达450-500词的会商。在这个进程中,逻辑是很多同学的失分项。

若何写好GRE作文?-2.jpg
接下来,我们拿一个真题为例,和大师一路来分解一下GRE Issue的写作逻辑。

<hr/>
【Issue 66】All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children's school
看到这道题目,很多同学不假思考就起头会商对家长和门生的影响。但究竟上,这道题目标切入点可以做的更好。
首先,我们来判定公式,这道题目属于N应当做某事。那N是谁呢?
题目中说parents should be required,那末N就是发出require这个行动的主体—黉舍。
所以我们首先应当会商这么做对黉舍有什么影响。

<hr/>
然后再另起一段去会商对parents and students的影响是什么。最初写妥协或辩驳段便可以了。
这样写的益处是我们可以认识抵家长是被要求的,那为什么会有这样的要求,一定会去黉舍有益处的。这样我们整篇文章的论述角度就会加倍完整。

我们想好思绪以后,便可以起头构想具体的写作纲领啦。

<hr/>
Introduction
Some people advocate that educational institutions should require parents to spend much time on serving their children’s schools. From my perspective, this is an insightful proposal.

开首段只要清楚表白自己的概念就好啦。字数不宜过量。
Main Paragraph
1,Only by involving parents in the operation of their children’s schools can schools fulfill their social responsibilities.
第一其中心段落会商对黉舍或政府的影响—中心句万万不要写太多的细节,只要笼统概括这段话的首要内容便可以了。
在这里,我们需要夸大要求家长办事黉舍订黉舍是有益处的—可以帮助黉舍更好的承当起他们的社会义务。那他们的社会义务具体是什么呢,可以放到reasoning部分展开论述。

2, Parents will also benefit from spending sometime time participating in some volunteer activities held by their children’s schools.
中心句简明简要说起我们的焦点内容—家长会从中受益。但不需要具体写有什么益处,这部份内容放到前面去具体诠释。

3,However, those volunteer activities should not be a heavy burden for parents who might be busy at work.
妥协可以对题目中做工作的水平停止限制—时候不宜太长。家长们也有自己的工作和工作要做。
Conclusion
In sum, the above benefits brought by encouraging parents to spend some time on their children’s schools convince me that this is an insightful and reasonable advice for schools.
简单重申自己的整体逻辑

<hr/>
这样我们的三个焦点段落就写完,下面来给大师看一下整篇文章的逻辑链条

若何写好GRE作文?-3.jpg

大师会发现,在我们的焦点段落,我们是依照总分这个逻辑来写的。
先给出成果—对黉舍好,对家长好;然后再展开细节论述,最初引出具有针对性的例子和分析。
经过对这道题目标分析,我想再次和大师夸大,对于GRE写作想考4.0的同学来说,在说话上我们能把话说清楚就够了,不用何等富丽。
而在逻辑结构上,我们一定要把保证从多个角度,精准地对题目展开周全的分解。中心句可以在整体上概括那一段的焦点内容。每一其中心段落都给人一种抽丝剥茧的感受。
想要Issue拿高分,大师就需要展现出自己强大的推导才能,可以做到自作掩饰。
为了保证大师对于每一道题目都可以展开类似这样总分的论述,莎莎教员为大师总结出了五种逻辑公式。

若何写好GRE作文?-4.jpg

issue五大逻辑公式

只要大师可以熟悉把握这5种公式的拆分思绪,issue分分钟可以拿到4.0的分数,那大师写作总分上4就指日可待啦。
得逻辑者得4+,接待同学们和莎莎教员一路来理清GRE写作逻辑。
理清写作逻辑后最重要的就是用真题练习,在理论中提升自己的写作才能。这里给大师打包好了最新的写作题库,和莎莎教员精编的高分范文精析,需要的同学可以举手哦~

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发表于 2023-1-7 13:45:45 | 显示全部楼层
211理科,大四,二战备考2个月,verbal进步10分,写作从3.5到4.5。
关于若何写好GRE作文我感觉我可以分享一下我的备考经历。

若何写好GRE作文?-1.jpg
我是由于写作分不够,才去考第二次GRE的。
由于预备申请的专业aw要求4分,我第一次考只要3.5,verbal也只要152,数学166。
为了求稳,我报了路莎教员的写作课,也是看很多人保举。
issue和托福的自力写作实在有点像,我算是有点根本的,可是现实写起来要难的多。
上课后才晓得issue不答应在中心句前面间接跟例子,必须先用自己的话先辈行论述,跟的例子也不能乱举,只能是社会现象和名流事例,官方题目100多道,想想就头痛。
但!路莎教员间接把issue题库总结成了5个公式,

若何写好GRE作文?-2.jpg
能婚配到任何一个issue题目,没有破例,练习几天今后,拿到题目根基能做到秒出思绪,激烈保举大师试试!
别的,路莎教员上课特此外循序渐进,重点会一点点分解,讲话也很诙谐,不会走神,所以感受每节课的内容都吸收的很好。
记着,逻辑周密的推导进程比细节充实的例子要重要很多!
<hr/>argument要做的就是辩驳他人的概念,用杠精思维找逻辑缝隙,然落后犯它。
难点实在在于,能不能正确找到逻辑毛病,而且细致具体的进犯。
多亏路莎教员总结的11种逻辑毛病,就看自己考试的时辰能不能很快的识别到。
证据→观察毛病、论据模糊
推导→因果关系、时候外推、类比毛病、偷换概念
结论→利润题目、非此即彼、条件题目、可行性、绝对化辞汇
比如作者援用了一个观察来论证自己的概念,但这个观察纷歧定牢靠,这就是观察毛病。
拿客岁和今年比,就是时候外推。
为了能让分数尽能够的高,我平常练习的时辰,都依照教员说的,2个进犯细节保底,争取找3个。课后给的材料有写作的模板和句式,还有一次全篇作文批改的机遇。
别的只管削减拼写、语法和搭配毛病。我看了官方的6分范文,能看到有typo的存在,可是语法和搭配毛病几近没有。
忐忑的等了两周多,看到作文4.5,一切都是值得的!

GRE写作材料:


  • 官方的题库,issue和argument都有。
  • 路莎GRE argument高分范文精析/issue高分范文精析
  • GRE写作高频题
我感觉把上面几个材料好好练习思考,动笔写下高频题的思绪,写作分数不会低到那里去。
材料我整理了放在文件夹了,大师需要的可以去保存一份备用:
https://pan.baidu.com/s/1AZ0U5SdWfTG4iYkYIn09cQ?pwd=hz60
GRE其他科目标备考情况,可以看这个之前的回答哈哈
GRE若何快速考到325以上,甚至330?

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发表于 2023-1-7 13:46:25 | 显示全部楼层
(附自己整理的写作高分材料,文末领)
全篇干货长文警告⚠
写作不易,先左下角点个附和马一下!
GRE考试中,中国门生最有上风的,固然是quantitative, 真的是在全天下都著名的“东亚数学天赋”,均匀分164.8, percentile全球前12%。Verbal 语文,中国门生作为非英语母语国家考生,虽说还差一点才能到达全球均匀水平,可是148.6的成就,也是全球42%的percentile了。
但对于国内考GRE的童鞋来说,GRE写作是一切科目里表示最差的。
GRE会碰到两道写作题,Argument+Issue,要求考生在30分钟之内各自完成一篇。

若何写好GRE作文?-1.jpg
GRE 作文分数有多难拿?

据ETS官方公布的最新GRE年度报告显现,我们国内考生GRE写作的均匀分是3.1, 全球倒数17%的percentile啊!作文拿满分的几率很是低(固然作文拿6分的大神确切有,可是对于普通考生来说真的是难于上彼苍)。

若何写好GRE作文?-2.jpg
全球倒数17%的写作成就,真的是要想上理科类美国名校,是完全没有任何希望的。宾大教育学就有一个不成文的规定,写作最最低要求是3.5分。这让很多3分的门生,不能不被拒之名校之外。
有的同学这时辰能够会想,英语国家的均匀分不也就只要4分嘛。3分到4分,也就一分之差,有很大的关系么?这个关系可就大了。
直观的来说吧,什么叫全球17%的percentile呢?
就相当于quantitative 只考了142分,是17%的percentile,相当于Verbal考了141分, 也是17%的percentile。这么低的成就,真的用来申请是很是难的。而写作4分,全球59%的percentile,相当于Verbal 153, 数学152的成就,也就是说,这写作从3-4,别看差异至于哦一分,相当于Verbal后者Quantitative差异10分之多。
那末,一篇好的GRE作文应当是什么样的呢?
下面我会从ETS官方给出的评分细则和范文中为大师分析应当若何写好一篇作文。
01 GRE作文该怎样写?

首先,我们要斟酌的题目是,我们想写一篇怎样的GRE作文?是一篇说话优美如散文一般的文章,还是一篇在grader眼中可以得高分的文章?
很多同学,在考试之前,都毛病的用“自己以为的一篇好文章的标准”去指导自己的写作,而从未斟酌过,grader阅卷人,究竟以怎样的标准在给一篇文章打分。
那末这时辰,假如你还不晓得grader的打分标准,请一定翻开官网,阅读这一段话。(GRE国内众多写作材料鱼龙混杂,请一定以官网为主,不要轻易相信一些机构给出的写作倡议,一定认真阅读官网所展现的打分标准)
以下是GRE argument 与issue的打分标准:

若何写好GRE作文?-3.jpg
官网给出的Scoring Guide for the Argument Task

若何写好GRE作文?-4.jpg
官网给出的Scoring Guide for the Issue Task
总结起来,大如果一下几点:

  • 一定要看instruction!!
有些题目常常很类似,可是instruction纷歧样,那末就是两篇完全分歧的题目。假如instruction没有扣住,想要拿到高分就很难了。

  • 找对点,topic sentence要写对
对于argument来说,一定要找到条件到结论非要不成的桥梁。不成以质疑条件,大概从结论动身。这个桥梁是什么意义呢,就是要找条件到结论非要不成的一个条件,假如这个条件不建立,条件对结论就没有支持力度。
而对于issue来说,就是要找到一个表现深入思考,而且逻辑周密的来由,作为段落的topic sentence. 假如来由自己没有压服力,就算前面尽力给出很多论证,也照旧很难压服他人。对于issue来说,最重要的,永久是压服力。

  • 给出强有力的支持部分
这是一个很是重要的得分点。
对于argument来说,就是你的举反例部分,能否可以充足有压服力,让他人感觉你就找的这个逻辑缝隙真的很对,文章中的条件确切能够推不出结论。
比如说,条件是我上个月我发胖了,上个月我分手了,结论是我要想挽回我男朋友,就得减肥。
这里,找一条条件到结论非要不成的条件,就是作者assume了发胖是分手,的缘由。然后尽力的举有压服力的反例:而究竟上,很有能够的情况是,男朋友劈腿才是分手的缘由,大概性情分歧打骂才是分手缘由。假如情况是这样的,那末条件,对于支持结论“要想挽回男朋友就要减肥”,就完全没有任何支持力度了。
那末,对于issue来说,给出强有力的支持,就是要给出充足有支持力,有细节,逻辑周密的论证。这里可所以说理论证,举例论证,数据统计等,原则就是,要对段落主题有充足的支持,让人佩服。

  • 跟尾! 跟尾!跟尾!
很多同学不晓得,GRE 打分标准中,跟尾是很重要的一个得分点
文章的逻辑联贯,很是需要起承转合等表达逻辑链条关系的辞汇。文章的结构,经过这些linking words,应当是让人感遭到了如指掌的句与句之间,段落与段落之间的关系,要交接的很清楚。官网4分的文章中,有一句话,与高低文没有跟尾,就被grader零丁拎了出来,叫做腾跃句,对逻辑链条关系交接的不够清楚。

  • 辞汇,句式,语法
说话重要末?只能说,对于GRE考试来说,说话不是最重要的。
就相当于问一你个题目:博士论文,说话重要末?好的一篇博士论文,一定是没有语法毛病,说话精练,清楚,用词正确的。可是,我们不能由于一篇论文说话很是优美,就说这是一篇好的论文。博士论文,最重要的,一定还是其中的内容。
GRE 作为一个英语为载体的考试,首先,说话必须清楚,就算有小毛病,不成以影响到阅读。在不影响阅读的情况下,最重要的,就是文章的逻辑与压服力。可是,倘使文章语法毛病百出,grader底子就很难读懂你的内容,那末,就算再好的内容,他人看不懂,看是没用的。
02 GRE满分范文树模

以下,给大师呈上一篇GRE 官网6分issue范文及grader点评,以及响应的3分文章及点评,让大师看到grader眼中,究竟垂青什么,怎样才能获得高分。
题目以下:
As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.
Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.

Essay Response — Score 6
The statement linking technology negatively with free thinking plays on recent human experience over the past century. Surely there has been no time in history where the lived lives of people have changed more dramatically. A quick reflection on a typical day reveals how technology has revolutionized the world. Most people commute to work in an automobile that runs on an internal combustion engine. During the workday, chances are high that the employee will interact with a computer that processes information on silicon bridges that are .09 microns wide. Upon leaving home, family members will be reached through wireless networks that utilize satellites orbiting the earth. Each of these common occurrences could have been inconceivable at the turn of the 19th century.
The statement attempts to bridge these dramatic changes to a reduction in the ability for humans to think for themselves. The assumption is that an increased reliance on technology negates the need for people to think creatively to solve previous quandaries. Looking back at the introduction, one could argue that without a car, computer, or mobile phone, the hypothetical worker would need to find alternate methods of transport, information processing and communication. Technology short circuits this thinking by making the problems obsolete.
However, this reliance on technology does not necessarily preclude the creativity that marks the human species. The prior examples reveal that technology allows for convenience. The car, computer and phone all release additional time for people to live more efficiently. This efficiency does not preclude the need for humans to think for themselves. In fact, technology frees humanity to not only tackle new problems, but may itself create new issues that did not exist without technology. For example, the proliferation of automobiles has introduced a need for fuel conservation on a global scale. With increasing energy demands from emerging markets, global warming becomes a concern inconceivable to the horse-and-buggy generation. Likewise dependence on oil has created nation-states that are not dependent on taxation, allowing ruling parties to oppress minority groups such as women. Solutions to these complex problems require the unfettered imaginations of maverick scientists and politicians.
In contrast to the statement, we can even see how technology frees the human imagination. Consider how the digital revolution and the advent of the internet has allowed for an unprecedented exchange of ideas. WebMD, a popular internet portal for medical information, permits patients to self research symptoms for a more informed doctor visit. This exercise opens pathways of thinking that were previously closed off to the medical layman. With increased interdisciplinary interactions, inspiration can arrive from the most surprising corners. Jeffrey Sachs, one of the architects of the UN Millenium Development Goals, based his ideas on emergency care triage techniques. The unlikely marriage of economics and medicine has healed tense, hyperinflation environments from South America to Eastern Europe.
This last example provides the most hope in how technology actually provides hope to the future of humanity. By increasing our reliance on technology, impossible goals can now be achieved. Consider how the late 20th century witnessed the complete elimination of smallpox. This disease had ravaged the human race since prehistorical days, and yet with the technology of vaccines, free thinking humans dared to imagine a world free of smallpox. Using technology, battle plans were drawn out, and smallpox was systematically targeted and eradicated.
Technology will always mark the human experience, from the discovery of fire to the implementation of nanotechnology. Given the history of the human race, there will be no limit to the number of problems, both new and old, for us to tackle. There is no need to retreat to a Luddite attitude to new things, but rather embrace a hopeful posture to the possibilities that technology provides for new avenues of human imagination.
Rater Commentary for Essay Response — Score 6
The author of this essay stakes out a clear and insightful position on the issue and follows the specific instructions(一定要合适instruction)by presenting reasons to support that position. (清楚且富有洞察力的概念。这边假如过于肤浅的会商,也是很难上4分的)The essay cogently(cogent, 有压服力)argues that technology does not decrease our ability to think for ourselves, but merely provides "additional time for people to live more efficiently." In fact, the problems that have developed alongside the growth of technology (pollution, political unrest in oil-producing nations) actually call for more creative thinking, not less.
In further examples, the essay shows how technology allows for the linking of ideas that may never have been connected in the past (like medicine and economic models), pushing people to think in new ways. Examples are persuasive and fully developed;(例子很是的有压服力,而且展开充实)reasoning is logically sound and well supported(逻辑推理周密,有压服力).
Ideas in the essay are connected logically, with effective transitions used both between paragraphs("However" or "In contrast to the statement")and within paragraphs(概念跟尾真的是grader很是垂青的). Sentence structure is varied and complex and the essay clearly demonstrates facility with the "conventions of standard written English (i.e., grammar, usage and mechanics)," with only minor errors appearing(句式多样性表现说话才能). Thus, this essay meets all the requirements for receiving a top score, a 6.

Essay Response — Score 3
There is no current proof that advancing technology will deteriorate the ability of humans to think. On the contrary, advancements in technology had advanced our vast knowledge in many fields, opening opportunities for further understanding and achievement. For example, the problem of dibilitating illnesses and diseases such as alzheimer's disease is slowing being solved by the technological advancements in stem cell research. The future ability of growing new brain cells and the possibility to reverse the onset of alzheimer's is now becoming a reality. This shows our initiative as humans to better our health demonstrates greater ability of humans to think.
One aspect where the ability of humans may initially be seen as an example of deteriorating minds is the use of internet and cell phones. In the past humans had to seek out information in many different enviroments and aspects of life. Now humans can sit in a chair and type anything into a computer and get an answer. Our reliance on this type of technology can be detrimental if not regulated and regularily substituted for other information sources such as human interactions and hands on learning. I think if humans understand that we should not have such a reliance on computer technology, that we as a species will advance further by utilizing the opportunity of computer technology as well as the other sources of information outside of a computer. Supplementing our knowledge with internet access is surely a way for technology to solve problems while continually advancing the human race.
Rater Commentary for Essay Response — Score 3
This essay never moves beyond a superficial discussion of the issue. (肤浅的会商,真的只能是3分)The writer attempts to develop two points: that advancements in technology have progressed our knowledge in many fields and that supplementing rather than relying on technology is "surely a way for technology to solve problems while continually advancing the human race." Each point, then, is developed with relevant but insufficient evidence(虽然relevant,也就是不跑题,可是证据却很是不充实,没有压服力). In discussing the potential of technology to advance knowledge in many fields (a broad subject, rife with possible examples), the writer uses only one limited and very brief example from a specific field (medicine and stem-cell research)论据不充实致使分数低。压服力真的是Issue高分相当重要的).
Development of the second point is hindered by a lack of specificity and organization(不够具体,不够深入). The writer creates what might be best described as an outline. The writer cites a need for regulation/supplementation and warns of the detriment of over-reliance upon technology. However, the explanation of both the problem and solution is vague and limited("Our reliance ... can be detrimental. If humans understand that we should not have such a reliance ... we will advance further")(诠释部分模糊且有限,不够清楚). There is neither explanation of consequences nor clarification of what is meant by "supplementing." This second paragraph is a series of generalizations that are loosely connected(逻辑跟尾不够慎密)and lack a much-needed grounding.
In the essay, there are some minor language errors and a few more serious flaws (e.g., "The future ability of growing new brain cells" or "One aspect where the ability of humans may initially be seen as an example of deteriorating minds")(有一些严重的语法大概用词题目,致使了解困难,也是让分数低的重要缘由). Despite the accumulation of such flaws, the writer's meaning is generally clear. Thus, this essay earns a score of 3.
GRE写作,作为中国考试GRE 最弱的一项,真的是很是需要引发每个考生的留意。一定不能仅仅把GRE写作当做一次“考英语“的考试,感觉说话优美,用词高端便可以得高分,而要真正去关注阅卷人的打分标准,了解ETS真正想要的一篇文章是怎样的。
网上材料鱼龙混杂,大师最好一定要以GRE官网信息为准,认真研读官网打分标准与写作要求,找到专业的教导。
最初,附上之前核桃分享过无数遍的【GRE写优良材料包】⬇戳领⬇

https://xg.zhihu.com/plugin/e1ac56fa2dd36e1875f55d7f7e68411b?BIZ=ECOMMERCE
  1. 材料list:
  2. 1.常见逻辑缝隙及常用句式
  3. 2.GRE作文-最全替换辞汇
  4. 3.GRE写作替换词常用词
  5. 4.GRE-issue写作之自己总结的万能例子
  6. 5.GRE argument大纲
  7. 6.argument pool+issue pool
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“别用很多从句真的很傻”,中国门生轻易犯的7个GRE作文毛病,附典范+诠释(and...这是一份非常有料的美本大四门生关于写作的分享帖,一定要看!)
Background

Hello,我是美本的大四门生,和 native speaker 一路上过写作课而且拿了 A。所以我深知写作中我们中国门生轻易犯的毛病。
明天我将会针对 GRE 写作,率领大师解读 pp2 第一套题目中的 issue,并整理得分点。
我用的材料是官方的 GRE® revised General Test Sample Essays and Reader Commentary for POWERPREP® II Practice Test 1
我考 GRE 前就看了这个,然后随手练了一篇 issue 一篇 argument,拿到了 4 分,心满足足。(究竟 GRE是申请 package 里最不重要的工具 hhh)
范文我挑选的是 5 分文章。我将采用文章和小我诠释说明穿插的形式,经过分析文章间接列出技能、得分点,保证干货满满。

若何写好GRE作文?-1.jpg
issue 题目:
“A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.”  

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.
1. 万万不要疏忽 instruction。

我有看到一份材料名字叫 issue 中文大纲之类的,都没有按照 instruction 来写,那就是偏题了,很是不成取。

GRE 的 issue instructions 共有五种。
这一篇的要求是:
(a) discuss一下你赞成这句话的水平
(b1) 描写假如按这句话做了能够发生的情况
(b2) 探讨这些情况好欠好
(b3) 诠释为什么这些情况和结果让你有了最初的态度

那我们第一段应当这样来写:
第一句话表达态度,即赞成水平,基天职为五类:1完全,2比力,3中立,4比力不,5完全不。
1 和 5 不太能够碰到,由于天下上没有绝对的工作,会显得你不太会辩证周全地思考题目。选 2 你就要说“嗯这样做有害处可是总的来说益处多一些”,4 的话反一下。3 的话就是“我感觉酿成的成果里黑白各半,所以我连结中立。”

我们来看看范文怎样写的:
While it may be to the advantage of a nation that all its students learn the same basic information, this can be accomplished without going to the lengths of having a national curriculum. By requiring that all students know a certain amount in basic areas of knowledge without specifying the details, a nation can achieve the same benefits of a national curriculum without unduly denying the freedom of teachers to teach as they see fit. A system of simple national standards is good enough. To go further and create a full-fledged national curriculum would gain nothing and impair the ability of teachers.
实在他就在翻来覆去地讲一个工具:
学得差不多可以和完全学一样到达不异的某种好的结果,可是完全学一样还有一些害处,是学得差不多不会有的,所以他挑选了比力分歧意
他也算简要地写了下能够会发生的成果及其黑白,可是突出表达了自己的态度,完全合适要求的开首。
至于前面展开,我们都应围绕(b1) 和 (b2),就是猜一猜完全学一样会有什么结果,这样的结果会带来什么样的益处大概害处。

2. 每一段论证逻辑要饱满,每一个 claim 都需要诠释完善。


我们接着看范文:
[1] It is important to ensure that all students learn the fundamentals of different subject areas.[2] In order to graduate from high school, for example, all students should have a good understanding of algebra, of basic concepts in science and history, and an ability to read critically. [3] These are skills that will benefit people in all kinds of different careers. [4] Even if you never manipulate an equation after graduating from high school, you will have a far better understanding of the world around you if you know simple facts of math and science. [5] Fields such as English and history are even more important, as they are absolutely necessary to maintain an informed citizenry capable of making important decisions that all citizens of a democracy are called upon to make. [6] In order to achieve this, it is necessary to have national standards of education.

大师看到题目了吗?
下面我来一句一句解读。
[1]是中心句。
[2]具体举例诠释了是哪些分歧的的学科同学们需要把握。
[3]和[4]说了为什么把握了就important,是由于对未来的工作生活多几多少有帮助。

都没题目。实在到这里便可以停下了,全部逻辑链是完整的。可是[5]他起头递进,especially,English 和 history 加倍重要,由于他们 absolutely necessary 什么什么什么。
考官看到这里就起头留意了:“嗯??凭啥英语和历史就出格重要,此外学科就一般般呢?”
他期待的是类似这样的工具:“由于英语是表达自己概念、了解他人概念的根本,是作为别的一切学科的根底,固然出格重要。而历史,历史是一面镜子,我们要多吸收他人的经验少走弯路,做更明智的决议,也相对更重要一些。所以你英语和历史好的话就capable of做决议。
万万不要让 claim 孤零零地在陌头抽泣,考官出格喜好捡回家,然后扣你分。

若何写好GRE作文?-2.jpg

再举个例子加深一下大师的印象:
假如考官看到你说“我是最美的”,他就会期待看到你写你拿了国际选美大赛的冠军之类来证实你简直是最美的
可是明显,你没有加入过选美大赛。这时辰考官就会评价“你有很多 unsupported claim,没有诠释清楚,我不喜好你的文章”。

3. 别用很多从句,真的很傻。多采用是非连系的战略。

假如真的想炫技,用一点点夸大、倒装和虚拟语气(和同位语)
你以为写得很好的从句,在考官眼里实在是这样的:
我故乡门口的那条大黄狗脖子上的项圈 that 我很小的时辰在地上捡来的至今还没坏,but 我爷爷嫌它太丑了 so 去商铺买了一条 when 在打折的时辰
假如你改成这样:
我故乡门口有一条大黄狗。它脖子上有一条项圈是我很小的时辰在地上捡来的,至今还没坏。可是我爷爷嫌它太丑了。所以某一天他去商场趁打折的时辰买了一条新的
益处在那里呢?
1. 看起来舒服,犬牙交错。
2. 表达加倍清楚了,不会让人感觉绕。

上一段范文是非连系就做得出格好,大师可以翻回去再读一遍。
然后,我们再看看夸大倒装和虚拟应当若何正确利用。

  • 夸大:
It is the 这条大红项圈 that 我们家狗狗最爱了。
夸大了就是这条大红项圈。
放到 issue 题目里:
it is the diversity of the curriculum that 国家需要夸大和重视。
能否是比“国家应当加倍重视diversity啊!” 有力很多?


  • 倒装:
我感觉最常用到的是这个:
only when 我们家大黄狗叫了 do I know that 贼来了
夸大了只要某种条件的建立才能干嘛干嘛。


  • 夸大和倒装的要义:
你真的想突出夸大某些工具了才去用,不要为了用而用。


  • 虚拟:
实在超级适适用在GRE写作里,由于GRE写作一向让你空想一些 consequences 大概 circumstances。这些能够都不存在的,用一下虚拟便可以如虎添翼。
很惋惜这篇文章似乎没有用到,我从6分的范文里偷来一句大师体味一下:
If a national curriculum were implemented, would it come with a significant increase in financial support?

若何写好GRE作文?-3.jpg
4. 不要太 assertive

多用would/perhaps/may/might/likely to/maybe/我以为等等,大概用范围修饰most/many/some/under some circumstances/to some extents等等。
照旧是上段里的那句:
Fields such as English and history are even more important, as they are absolutely necessary to [make decisions].
考官看到 absolutely/totally/categorically/must/should 这类很蛮横的词语,就会出格留意,把工作做得太绝了一般都不会有什么好成果。

举个例子:
“把工作做得太绝了不会有什么好成果的!”
你看到这句话心里难熬吗?
“谁说的啊?偶然辰工作做得绝一点反而益处多呀!”
这时辰,加一个 in general,能否是语气一会儿缓和了很多,也显得你晓得措辞不能说太满,否则很轻易被打脸。

范文继续读下去。
留意我加粗的词。你们试着把这些词去掉,然后比力一下,便可以设想考官看到去掉的版本有多解体。
Most teachers are very capable of imparting knowledge on students, and most school boards are similarly well-intentioned. Nevertheless, without national standards, some students are bound to fall through the cracks, and some school boards, under pressure from groups of parents, may eliminate certain subject matter from schools, as has happened recently with the teaching of evolution in conservative areas of the United States. In order to ensure that all students learn all that they need to know as functioning adults, some kind of national standards should be in place.

5. 晓得自己每句话的感化是什么。

到此为止,他说了稍微学得差不多挺好的。
接下来他就要说论证的后半部分,即:完全学一样不但没益处,还多了害处
我接下来放一句原文说一句解读,你们来体味一下每句话的 role:
These national standards, however, need not go so far as to constitute a single national curriculum. No one knows a class of students better than its teachers, and no one else can shape a curriculum for their maximum benefit. A national curriculum would necessarily mean a one-size-fits-all approach, and what is appropriate in one classroom may not be in another.
完全学一样过分极端,要有的放矢地讲授生才能有最好的讲授结果。以上是 claim,接着他起头诠释这个 claim。
Partly this is a result of the intellectual levels of the students in question: some may be able to learn far more about a particular subject than others.
为什么稍微学得纷歧样一点才能有最好的讲授结果呢?由于有人笨。
But it is also a question of student goals. The desire for specialization begins before college.
也由于每小我的人生方针分歧。
A student who wants to become an auto mechanic should be able to take auto shop classes, classes which would not be of interest to a future lawyer or scientist.
举例说明方针分歧的人上一样的课就并没什么用,所以要稍微纷歧样一点哦。
This notion may sound unacceptably elitist in today’s climate in which a college education has become almost an automatic goal of education, but it does not need to be this way. Students with limited interest in higher education should be able to opt out, to follow another curriculum that is more likely to lead to happiness later in life. As a society, we should not discourage them, but rather ensure that there are enough high-paying jobs available for skilled laborers with high school diplomas.
这里到最初可以疏忽(可是为了范文的完整性我还是放出来了)。实在句子间的联系很简单,claim - reason#1 - reason#2 - example of reason#2,可是简单、清楚就对了。

若何写好GRE作文?-4.jpg

6. 句子之间要有逻辑关系,环环相扣。

先来看一个例子:
小明是理性思考的人。所以假如小明的女朋友和一个防水的钱袋子同时掉进了水里,他会拿钱袋子。
这句话的隐藏寄义是:理性思考的人会加倍重视钱,由于没了钱人就没有经济根本物资根本吃不饱然后就死掉了;能够感性思考的人会加倍重视女朋友由于看着她哭很不幸一会儿疼爱了感动了还是先救女朋友吧

你在考试时有把隐藏寄义写出来吗?
我们来看范文中的一个例子,上一段中划线的那句话:
Partly this is a result of the intellectual levels of the students in question:   some may be able to learn far more about a particular subject than others.
假如把冒号前面的工具去掉,在中文里没什么题目。“为什么用一样的课本同一个教员教出来的班,物理考试有的人就考得差有的人就考得好?由于人和人的智商有差异。”
可是考官就会不满足,“智商差异和考试成果之间的联系呢?” 你必必要写出“由于智商差异能够有的人就是了解欠好物理题目做差池可是更擅长化学,所以那些物明智商低的人物理就考欠好”。

能够我的例子举得不太好,归正你们下一次看范文大概做 GRE 阅读,看到那些看上去像空话由于 “对啊不这样还能怎样啊” 可是还是出现在了文章里的,一般就是作者 explicitly 写出了上句和下句的 logical connection。
(结尾我感受他来不及写了hhh。)
Everyone needs certain basic knowledge in order to function in society today. To this extent, we need national standards of instruction for students. But we do not need to cram every student into the same classes and force them to learn what we think is best for them.

7. 不求表达优美,但求语法正确。

最初的最初,我们来看看官方给的1-4分 issue 的开首第一句话。
1分:
No i disagree with recommendation becaus it is not compulsary to student to study same national curriculum until they enter college.
2分:
A nation should teach all it’s students the same national curriculum until they enter college so that can prepare for college.
3分:
Until now, many countries have mandatory course for their students until they enter the college.
4分:
As an educator, this topic is quite controversial to me.
我们可以看到,只要4分的是完全没有语法、拼写毛病的。这个虽然不太能算技能,可是是最最根基的要求。先做到这一点,再去搞上面的吧。


若何写好GRE作文?-5.jpg

若何写好GRE作文?-6.jpg

第一次写攻略,我不晓得我表达得够不够清楚。
假如大师看完来感觉“什么就这类人写作都能拿4分”,那我一定多多吸收经验争取下次写得加倍好,让广大大众都收益,不管你是不懂英语的小白还是在3分3.5分挣扎的大黑
假如大师看完感觉“嘿还蛮有帮助的”,接待大师点个赞。
再次感激大师抽暇阅读,祝愿大师在科场上发挥出自己应有的水平(超水平发挥什么的都是梦里才会出现的,别空想了,尽力踏实温习才是真 :p)。
以上,
分享人:Zixin  核桃英语GRE写作课程学员
最初给大师分享一些自己在GRE写作方面用到的很是好的材料,可以找核桃小助手领(微信   hetaozhihu 也可以来征询Zixin同款写作课程)
  1. 1.常见逻辑缝隙及常用句式
  2. 2.GRE作文-最全替换辞汇
  3. 3.GRE写作替换词常用词
  4. 4.GRE-issue写作之自己总结的万能例子
  5. 5.GRE argument大纲
  6. 6.argument pool+issue pool
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发表于 2023-1-7 13:47:55 | 显示全部楼层
首先,GRE 考试并不是说话才能测试,而是研讨生入学考试。具有较好的说话才能只是获得 GRE 作文高分的根本。对于题主所描写的题目(单词,词组都背了无数,但写作文的时辰就是想不起来),似乎还逗留在提升说话才能上面,倡议题主先把说话处理掉(可以先把托福雅思的作文搞定),再针对 GRE 作文备考。这个视频讲授了写作备考的误区以及若何提升说话才能,可供参考:托福写作若何提升。
GRE 写作对逻辑思维才能要求很高。在 Argument Task 中,考生需要阅读一篇已经写好的文章,分析作者若何构建论证,理清作者的文章结构,并找出论证能够存在的题目。而 Issue Task 要求考生自己完成一篇有理有据的论证。(还不领会 GRE 作文的同学可以间接看这个视频领会考试形式、作答时候、计分方式:GRE 写作部分先容)
不管哪个 Task,都要肄业生具有论证和推理的才能,而论证与推理基于的法例正是逻辑。是以,要获得一个理想的 GRE 写作成就,杰出的逻辑思维才能不成或缺。
那末,针对英语写作,究竟该若何进步自己的逻辑思维才能呢?这并非一日之功,需要平常大量的堆集。但不积跬步无以致千里,进步自己的逻辑思维才能的第一步应当是明白根基的逻辑推理方式。接下来和大师分享一些常见的逻辑推理方式,相信假如你可以认真把握的话,一定会大有裨益。
归纳推理

我们先来看一个例子:
条件:一小我摄取 200mg 以上氰化钾后,在两小时内不停止救治,这小我就会灭亡。小明(人)在四小时前摄取了 400mg 氰化钾,而且没有采纳任何救治办法。
结论:小明已经死了。
在上面的推理进程中,只要条件建立,那末结论必定建立,这类推理进程称为归纳推理。假如条件为真,则结论一定为真的推理我们称为有用的推理,是以归纳推理是有用的。进一步说,假如能确保条件是真的,那末这类归纳推理称之为牢靠的推理
归纳推理

而假如我们对例子简单做一下点窜:
条件:小张误食了氰化钾,一小时内死了;小李误食了氰化钾,一小时内死了。
结论:人吃了氰化钾都将在一小时内灭亡。
这个推理进程中,假如条件建立,并不能必定推出结论建立。但由于有了「小张误食了氰化钾,一小时内死了;小李误食了氰化钾,一小时内死了」这样的例子,结论建立的能够性增加了。这类推理方式我们称之为归纳推理。按照前面的界说,归纳推理不是「有用的」是以也不会是「牢靠的」,但这类说法轻易引发误解,由于归纳推理并不是完全不成靠,它可以供给一定的牢靠性,是以我们把归纳推理的牢靠性强度称为归纳强度
在平常生活中牢靠的推理只是一种理想状态,是以归纳强度比力高的归纳推理在我们看来也可以以为是「牢靠的」,利用这样的归纳推理作出的论证凡是我们也会以为是优异的论证。
固然,归纳推理有个致命的弱点即只要有一个反例,即可颠覆全部论证进程。比如,小强误食了氰化钾在一个小时后仍然活蹦乱跳,那末上面的结论就会瞬间崩塌。
溯因推理

接下来我们再看一个例子:
条件:一小我摄取 200mg 以上氰化钾后,在两小时内不停止救治,这小我就会灭亡。小明死了,他在两个小时前刚刚服用了氰化钾。
结论:服用氰化钾是小明灭亡的缘由。
在这个例子中,结论是对小明灭亡缘由的诠释,这类推理方式我们称之为溯因推理。这是一种为事物寻觅缘由大概诠释的推理方式,可以了解为归纳论证的背面。但溯因推理和归纳推理一样,条件建立都不能必定保证结论建立。一般来说,比力好的溯因推理应当找到可以事物的最好成因或最好诠释。
以上就是常见的三种逻辑推理方式:归纳推理、归纳推理和溯因推理。
就写作实战而言

GRE Argument Task 中出现的任何推理方式都可以归为这三种推理方式之一。而如前文所说,在平常生活中牢靠的推理根基上不存在,是以,大部分推理都可以以为是归纳推理和溯因推理。对于归纳推理和溯因推理,永久的缺点都是推理不是完全牢靠的。一个反例即可以驳倒归纳推理,而一个其他缘由(他因)即可让溯因推理的可信度下降。这些都可以仔细分析的点。
而当你完成一篇 GRE Issue Task 的文章时,用到的推理方式也会是上述三种中的一种。在你自己在推理的进程中,也一定会大量用到归纳推理和溯因推理。在归纳推理进程中,要尽能够利用有力的证据来支持你的结论,而且对能够出现的反例予以诠释;在溯因推理时,首先要保证所找的缘由是食品最好的诠释,然后对能够的其他缘由予以分析。做到这些,你的文章压服力就有了保证。
对于具体若何制定 Argument 和 Issue 的温习战略,可以看这个视频:若何有针对性地温习 GRE 写作。
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