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来历:知乎
之前,也碰到一些学员在关于写作方面的题目,写出来的会不自觉是套路模板严重,啊,招考教育的痕迹太重了。又大概是写的词不达意,心里很挫败,忧心。想提升却又不知若何动手。
实在,关于写作的书内容太多了,但熊猫小我以为最重要的是:写。
近期熊猫会针对于英语写作有个合集,首要有英文作家他们的写作方式,以及一些写作练习的翻开干货分享给大师。大师可以多关注和留意。
首先先说一下我的布景,作为一位英专生,既是笔译工作者又是雅思讲授者。同时对于酷爱写作的熊猫而言,近期我在常识星球上开通了写作,接待想要尝试写作的小伙伴们一路去交换和脱手写起来。(临时还处于试运营,如遇题目,可增加微信征询:Panpan_English_Li)
点击进去即可
此次选的是英文作家:乔治奥威尔。大学课本读的《动物农场》就是出自他之手,大师还有印象吗?
George Orwell is famous for books like 1984 and Animal Farm. His essay, Politics and the English Language, published in 1946, has six rules that anyone can use to improve their writing.
乔治·奥威尔,他是一位英国作家和记者,他以揭穿社会题目标小说和散文而著名。他的写作气概简洁了然,有力地传递了他的思惟。以《1984》和《动物农场》等书籍而著名。他在1946年颁发的《政治与英语说话》一文中提出了六条法则,任何人都可以利用这些法则来改良他们的写作。
George Orwell's Six Rules for Writing
他对于写作有六大原则
- Never use a metaphor, simile, or other figure of speech which you are used to seeing in print.
Orwell says that using common expressions is lazy, and causes writing to be less clear. Instead, he says writers should create new expressions that are specific to the topic. This way, their writing will be more meaningful because it isn't repeating other people's ideas.
- 永久不要利用你在印刷品中(消息报纸)看惯的隐喻、比方或其他修辞手法。
奥威尔以为利用常见表达方式是怠惰的,会致使写作变得不够清楚。相反,他倡议作家缔造新的表达方式,使其与主题相关。这样,他们的写作将更成心义,由于它不是反复他人的想法。
- Never use a long word where a short one will do.
Orwell said that when people use long and difficult words, their writing can be harder to understand than if they used short and simple words. For example, people might write "endeavor" when "try" is just as good and easier to understand.
2.假如短语能表达清楚,永久不要用长单词。奥威尔以为,当人们利用长而难明的单词时,他们的写作能够比利用短而简单的单词更难了解。例如,人们能够会写“endeavor”,而“try”一样好懂,而且更简单。
- If it is possible to cut a word out, always cut it out.
If a sentence is too long, it becomes difficult to read. So if you can use fewer words, you should.
假如可以删掉一个单词,就一定要删掉它。假如一个句子太长,它就会变得难以阅读。所以,假如你可以利用更少的词语,那就应当这样做。
- Never use the passive where you can use the active.
A sentence written in an active voice, like "everyone loves ice cream," is more direct and clear than a passive sentence like "ice cream is loved by everyone." Active sentences usually follow the structure of "subject, verb, object," which helps keep the focus on the subject.
4.假如可以利用自动语态,就永久不要利用被动语态。一个用自动语态写的句子,如“每小我都喜好冰淇淋”,比一个被动语态的句子,如“冰淇淋被每小我所喜好”,更间接和清楚。自动语态的句子凡是遵守“主语、谓语、宾语”的结构,这有助于连结对主语的关注。
- Never use a foreign phrase, a scientific word, or a jargon word if you can think of an everyday English equivalent.
Don't write canis lupus familiaris; just write "dog." Not everyone will understand the scientific or Latin phrase, but all English speakers will understand what a dog is!
5.假如你想到了一个平常英语的替换词,就永久不要利用外来短语、科学术语或行话。不要写“canis lupus familiaris”,只写“dog”。并不是每小我都能了解科学或拉丁语短语,但一切英语利用者都晓得什么是狗!
- Break any of these rules sooner than say anything outright barbarous.
Orwell doesn't explain what "barbarous" means to him, but the word usually describes something uncultured. So he's probably saying that it's better to break a rule if writing something any other way would make it ugly or hard to understand.
6.宁可违反这些法则,也不要说出任何蛮横的话。奥威尔没有诠释“蛮横”对他来说是什么意义,但这个词凡是描写的是一些没有文化的工作。所以他能够是说,假如以任何其他方式写出来会让它丢脸或难以了解,最好违反法则。
希望奥威尔的这六大写作原则,可以帮助你在写作上碰到的困惑,但同时更倡议大师去读原版他的原版《政治与英语说话》,里面会对说话利用与政治的关系有更具体的陈说。
假如大师感觉有帮助大概有迷惑,接待留言或帮熊猫点赞哦
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原文地址:https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/613857931
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